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Background: The development of bactericidal surfaces using nanotechnology has gained traction in high-tech sectors due to their effectiveness against pathogens. However, widespread adoption in low-income regions remains limited by the high cost of materials such as copper nanoparticles and the need for specialized application personnel. This study aims to develop a cost-effective bactericidal coating that minimizes nano-copper usage while maintaining strong antimicrobial performance and practical applicability in resource-limited environments.
Results: A polymer-based coating incorporating ≤3 wt% nano-copper and carbon nanotubes was formulated to enhance conductivity and mechanical stability. The fabrication process was optimized for on-site application under ambient conditions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a uniform surface distribution of nano-copper particles. Bactericidal activity tests confirmed efficacy against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. Techno-economic analysis indicated that the coating could be integrated into existing surface finishing systems at an incremental cost of 2.6–3.5 USD per gallon.
Conclusions: This work demonstrates the feasibility of producing and applying affordable nano-based bactericidal coatings under real-world conditions. The approach provides a practical pathway for implementing antimicrobial surface technologies in low-resource settings. Although the present study focused on wood substrates, future research should assess performance on diverse materials to broaden applicability. The combination of cost-effectiveness, efficacy, and scalability underscores the potential for both commercial adoption and significant public health benefits.
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