Format of Research Articles

General
Title page
Financial support
Keywords
Present address
Abbreviations
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Tables
Figures
Videos
Nucleotide and aminoacid sequences

GENERAL

Research articles present original research and address a clearly stated specific hypothesis or question. Papers should provide novel approaches and new insights into the problem addressed.

All manuscripts should be prepared with Microsoft Word and sent to the Editor by e-mail as "attachment" to the electronic address edbiotec@ucv.cl.

A galley proof is provided to author(s) before the article is available for all audiences.

The articles are published in HTML and PDF formats.

TITLE PAGE

It should contain the following information:

a)	The full title of the paper without abbreviations. The title should be as brief and informative as possible, specifying clearly the content of the article.
b)	If the title is long (more than 80 characters and spaces), a shortened running title having no more than 50 characters and spaces should be provided.
c)	Full names (clearly indicate name and surname) of all authors indicating the corresponding authors.
d)	Affiliation, telephone, fax, electronic addresses and URL's of personal and institutional WEB pages.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT

Authors must include the financial support received for research.

KEYWORDS

Authors must provide between three and six keywords, which must not be part of the title of the paper. Phrases and general or broad words such as "pH" or "growth" are not allowed.

PRESENT ADDRESS

Authors should provide their present address in case it is different than the affiliation described at the Title page. It should include address, phone and fax.

ABBREVIATIONS

They should be indicated as in example:

Abbreviations:

AFLP: polymerase chain reaction
PCR: amplified fragment length polymorphism

ABSTRACT

An abstract not exceeding 200 words containing the principal ideas, methodology, results and important conclusions is required. Foot notes and abbreviations should be avoided in the abstract. A reference might be included only if necessary, and mentioning the complete citation. Considering that the abstract is published separately by the analysis information services, it should contain enough basic information so that the paper could be fully understood by those who do not have access to the full text.

INTRODUCTION

It should be brief and limited to the definition of the problem, the aims and purposes of the research and its relation with other studies in the field. Also the working hypothesis must be clearly stated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

It should include relevant details on the experimental design and techniques so that the experiments can be repeated.

RESULTS

Results should be clearly presented. Tables and figures should only be included if required to fully understand the data.

DISCUSSION

The aim of this section is the interpretation of the results and their relation to the existing knowledge. The contribution to Biotechnology must be clearly stated. The information given in any part of the text may be cited but not repeated in the Discussion Section. Alternatively Results and Discussion can be presented in one section.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The acknowledgments of the contributions of colleagues can be stated in this section. Acknowledgments for financial support must be cited on the corresponding section.

REFERENCES

For original articles (research, short communications, technical notes, biotechnology issues for developing countries), at least 75% of the references must be from ISI Science Citation Index from the last decade. This exigency is not applied to patents. Citations from thesis, personal communications, and unpublished data are not allowed.

Research articles should have at least 15 references.

a) In the text:

References must be cited in the text mentioning the last name of the author and year between parenthesis. In case of two authors, both should be mentioned. When there are three or more authors, mention only the first author followed by et al. When two or more references are cited in the same parenthesis, the authors should be in chronological order. And if they have the same year, they should be in alphabetical order. Moreover, if there is more than one reference of the same author and the same year, they should be indicated with letters. See examples:

1 author: (Gardner, 1999).
2 authors: (Larvol and Wilkerson, 1998).
2 or more authors: (Frishman et al. 1998). 2 or more references in the same parenthesis: (Benton, 1996; Frishman et al. 1998; Larvol and Wilkerson, 1998; Pennisi, 1999).
2 or more references with the same year: (Klevecz, 1999; Wedin, 1999; Persidis, 2000).
2 or more references with the same author and the same year: (Benton, 1996a; Benton 1996b; Benton 1996c).

b) In the References section:

At the end of the paper, in the References section the literature should be arranged in alphabetical order. If they have the same author, they should be in chronological order. They must be presented according to the following examples: (based on ISO 690 and ISO 690-2).

Journal Article

Elements:

1.	Author(s): full name if available
2.	Article title
3.	Journal title (full name)
4.	Date (include month and year)
5.	Volume
6.	Number
7.	Pages

Examples:

BLAGOEV, Blagoy and PANDEY, Akhilesh. Microarrays go live-new prospects for proteomics. Trends in Biotechnology Sciences, November 2001, vol. 26, no. 11, p. 639-641.

MAGUIRE, Bruce A.; MANUILOV, Anton V. and ZIMMERMANN, Robert A. Differential effects of replacing Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L27 with its homologue from Aquifex aelicus. Journal of Bacteriology, November 2001, vol. 183, no. 22, p. 6565-6572.

VÁSQUEZ, Karen M.; MARBURGER, Kathleen; INTODY, Zsofia and WILSON, John H. Manipulating the mammalian genome by homologous recombination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, July 2001, vol. 98, no. 15, p. 8403-8410.

Book

Elements:

1.	Author(s): full name if available
2.	Book title
3.	Edition (except for 1^st edition)
4.	Place of publication
5.	Publisher
6.	Date of publication
7.	Total number of pages
8.	International Standard Book Number (ISBN)

Examples:

FANTES, Peter and BROOKS, Robert. The cell cycle: a practical approach. Oxford; Oxford University Press, 1993. 325 p. ISBN 0-19-963394-0.

LOMINADZE, D.G. Cyclotron waves in plasma. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1981. 206 p. ISBN 0-08-021680-3.

Book Chapter

Elements:

1.	Author(s) of the chapter: full name if available
2.	Chapter title
3.	In:
	a. author of the book or editor (omitted in case the author of the chapter is the same)
	b. title of the book
4.	Place of publication
5.	Publisher
6.	Date of publication
7.	Volume
8.	Number of pages

Examples:

BARRETTE, L.M. and COUILLARD, D. Bacterial leaching of sulfide tailings in an airlift reactor. In: TORMA, A.E., WEY, J.E. and LAKSMAN, V.L. eds. Biohydrometallurgical Technologies; The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Warrendale, Pennsylavania, 1993, vol. 1, p. 205-215.

MASLOW, A.H. Theory of human motivation. In: LEAVITT, H.J. and PONDY, L.R. eds. Reading in managerial psychology. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1964, p. 6-24.

WRIGLEY, E.A. Parish registers and the historian. In: STEEL, D.J. ed. National index of parish registers. London, Society of Genealogists, 1968, vol. 1. p. 155-167.

Paper in Conference Proceedings

Elements

1.	Author(s): full name if available
2.	Document title
3.	In:
	a. name of conference, congress, meeting, etc.
	b. Conference, congress, meeting number
	c. date of conference, congress, meeting, etc.
	d. place of conference, congress, meeting, etc. (city and country)
4.	Work title
5.	Place of publication
6.	Publisher
7.	Date of publication
8.	Number of pages

Examples:

ACEVEDO, F.; CACCIUTTOLO, M.A. and GENTINA, J.C. Comparative performance of stirred and Pachuca tanks in the bioleaching of a copper concentrate. In: Biohydrometallurgy: Proceedings of the International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium. (12^th- 6^th July, 1988, Warwick, UK). Science and Technology Letters, Kew Surrey, UK. NORRIS, P.R. and KELLY, D.P. eds., 1988. p. 385-394.

BOSTICCO, Attilio. Scarcity and surplus of the animal production: possible strategies for a better worldly balance. In: International Congress: Food production and the quality of life. (4^th- 8^th September, 2000, Sassari, Italy). Abstracts, 2000. p. 16.

NIENOW, A.W. A status review of mixing in bioreactors. In: International Conference on Biochemical Engineering. (10º, 18^th- 23^rd May, 1997, Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada) [cited 6 June 1998]. Available from Internet: http://hugroup.cems.umn.edu/Archive.htm.

Journal Article In Press

Elements:

1.	Author(s): full name if available
2.	Article title
3.	Journal title (full name)
4.	Volume (if available)
5.	Number (if available)
6.	Indicate: In press
7.	Year

Examples:

DASILVA, Edgar J. Biotechnology: developing countries and globalization. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 14. In press, 1998.

HOLBROOK, C.C.; KVIEN, C.K. and RUCKER, K.S. Preharvest aflatoxin contamination in drought tolerant and drought intolerant peanut genotypes. Peanut Science. In press, 2000.

TEMENOFF, Johnna S. and MIKOS, Antonio G. Injectable biodegradable materials for orthopaedic tissue engineering. Biomaterials. In press, 2000.

Electronic Monographs (including web sites), Databases and Computer Programs

Entire document

Elements:

1.	Primary responsibility (author or other)
2.	Title
3.	Type of medium
4.	Edition
5.	Place of publication
6.	Publisher
7.	Date of publication
8.	Date of update/revision
9.	Date of citation (date on wich the electronic document was seen: [cited date])
10.	Availability and access (information for identifying and locating the source of the references)
11.	International Standard Book Number (ISBN) or International Standard Serial Number

Examples:

BIDE, Mark. In search of the unicorn: the Digital Object Identifier from a user perspective [online]. Revised. London; Book Industry Communication, February 1998 [cited 9 June 1998]. Portable Document Format. Available from Internet: http://www.bic.org.uk/bic/unicorn2.pdf. ISBN 1-873671-19-9.

Dengue [online]. Brisbane; Queensland Health, Communicable Diseases Unit, March 2001 [cited 20 August 2001]. Public Health Fact Sheets. Portable Document Format. Available from Internet: http://health.qld.gov.au/phs/cphun/8887_doc.pdf.

Kirk-Othmer Encyclpedia of Chemical Technology [online]. 3^rd ed. New York; John Wiley, 1984 [cited 3 January 1990]. Available from DIALOG Information Services, Palo Alto, California, USA.

Meeting Agenda [online]. Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires/Saclay, Service de Documentation, March 1991- [cited 30 September 1992]. Updated bimonthly. ASCII format. Available from QUESTEL.

Parts of Electronic Monograhps (including web sites), Databases or Computer Programs

Elements:

1.	Primary responsibility (author or other of host document)
2.	Title (of host document)
3.	Type of medium
4.	Edition
5.	Place of publication
6.	Publisher
7.	Date of publication
8.	Date of update/revision
9.	Date of citation (date on wich the electronic document was seen: [cited date])
10.	Chapter or equivalent designation (of part)
11.	Title (of part)
12.	Numeration within host document (if available)
13.	Location within host document
14.	Availability and access (information for identifying and locating the source of the references)
15.	International Standard Book Number (ISBN) or International Standard Serial Number

Examples:

CARROLL, Lewis. Alice's adventures in Worderland [online]. Texinfo. Ed. 2.2. Dortmund, Germany; WindSpiel, November 1994 [cited 30 March 1995]. Chapter VII. A mad tea-party. Available from Internet: http://www.germany.eu.net/books/carroll/alice_10.html#SEC13.

ICC Bristish Company Financial Datasheets [online]. Hampton, Middlesex, UK; ICC Online, 1992. Updated 3 March 1992 [cited 11 March 1992]. Robert Maxwell Group PLC. Accession no. 01209277. Available from DIALOG Information Services, Palo Alto, California, USA.

Meteorogical Service of Canada. The Science of Climate Change [online]. Environment Canada, 2000. Updated 19 April 2000 [cited 25 August 2000]. Part 4, Impacts. Requieres Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available from Internet: http//www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/saib/climate/ccsci_e.cfm.

Contributions to Electronic Monographs (including web sites)

Elements:

1.	Primary responsibility (author or other of contribution)
2.	Title (of contribution)
3.	Primary responsibility (of host document)
4.	Title (of host document)
5.	Type of medium
6.	Edition
7.	Place of publication
8.	Publisher
9.	Date of publication
10.	Date of update/revision
11	Date of citation (date on which the electronic document was seen: [cited date])
12.	Numeration within host document (if available)
13.	Location within host document
14.	Availability and access (information for identifying and locating the source of the references)
15.	International Standard Book Number (ISBN) or International Standard Serial Number

Examples:

CREWS, Kenneth D. Copyright law, libraries and universities: overview, recent developments and future issues. In: The ILT Guide to Copyright [online]. New York; Columbia University, Institute for Learning Technologies, 1993-1995. Last updated 29 July 1996 [cited 23 August 2000] VI. Copyright and the Library. Available from Internet: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/text-version/projects/copyright/papers/crews.html.

MCCONNELL, W.H. constitutional History. In: The Canadian Encyclopedia [CD-ROM]. Macintosh version 1.1. Toronto; McClelland and Stewart, c. 1993. ISBN 0-7710-1932-7.

ZHUKOVSKY, Vladimir; ITKIN, Vladimir and CHERNENKO, Lev. Helicopters over the crater. In: Current Digest of the Sovietic Press [online]. Columbus, Ohio; Current Digest of the Sovietic Press, 11 June 1986 [cited 14 February 1991]. Accession no. 0008752. Available from DIALOG Information Services, Palo Alto, California, USA.

Electronic Serials

Entire Electronic Serial

1.	Title
2.	Type of medium
3.	Edition
4.	Place of publication
5.	Publisher
6.	Date of publication
7.	Date of citation (date on wich the electronic document was seen: [cited date])
8.	Availability and access (information for identifying and locating the source of the references)
9.	International Standard Book Number (ISBN) or International Standard Serial Number

Examples:

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology [online]. Valparaíso, Chile; Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, April 1998 - , vol. 1, no. 1 [cited 21 March 2000]. Three issues yearly. Available from Internet: http://www.ejbiotechnology.info. ISSN 0717-3458.

Journal of Technology Education [online]. Blacksburg, Va.; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989 - [cited 15 March 1995]. Semi-annual. Available from Internet: gopher://borg.lib.vt.edu:70/1/jte. ISSN 1045-1064.

Profile Canada [CD-ROM]. Toronto, Canada; Micromedia, 1993 - . The Canadian Connection. Accompanied by: user's guide. System requirements: IBM PC or compatible. MPC Standard CD-ROM drive; DOS 3.30 or higher; 490 kB RAM; MS-DOS Extensions 2.1 or higher. Quarterly.

Articles and other contributions

Elements:

1.	Primary responsibility (author or other of contribution)
2.	Title (of contribution)
3.	Title (of serial)
4.	Type of medium
5.	Edition
6.	Issue designation
7.	Date of update/revision
8.	Date of citation (date on wich the electronic document was seen: [cited date])
9.	Location within host document
10.	Availability and access (information for identifying and locating the source of the references)
11.	International Standard Book Number (ISBN) or International Standard Serial Number

Examples:

MYERS, Michael P.; YANG, Jay; and STAMPE, Per. Visualization and functional analysis of a maxi-K channel (mSlo) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Electronic Journal of Biotechnology [online]. 15 December 1999, vol. 2, no. 3 [cited 21 March 2000]. Available from Internet: http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/content/vol2/issue3/full/3/index.html. ISSN 0717-3458.

PRICE-WILKIN, John. Using the World Wide Web to deliver complex electronic documents: implications for libraries. The Public-Access Computer Systems Review [online]. 1994, vol. 5, no. 3 [cited 28 August 1994], pp. 5-21. Available from Internet: gopher://info.lib.uh.edu:70/00/articles/e-journals/pacsreview/v5/n3/pricewil.5n3. ISSN 1048-6542.

STONE, Nan. The Globalization of Europe. Harvard Business Review [online]. May-June 1989 [cited 3 September 1990). Available from BRS Information Technologies, McLean (Va.).

TABLES

Tables must be numbered with Arabic numerals in the order in which they are cited in the text. They should have a brief descriptive title placed at the top. A short description is also accepted. Footnotes can be included below the table. Tables cannot duplicate data contained in the text. Tables must be sent in Microsoft Word and have no links to the main document or other archives. Provide files at approximately the correct size they are to be printed (letter size).

Authors should provide files at 90 mm width (single column) or 185 mm (double column) considering the actual size of the printed PDF version (letter size paper).

See example

FIGURES

The figures (photographs, drawings, graphs and schemes) must be numbered with Arabic numerals. If needed a short description is also accepted. Footnotes can be included below the figure.

Figures that include more than one image should be labelled as a, b, c, etc. (small letters). The figure must include brief descriptive title and a subtitle must be provided for each image.

Authors should provide files at 90 mm width (single column) or 185 mm (double column) considering the actual size of the printed PDF version (letter size paper).

See example

Photographs

Digitalized photographs must be sent using a TIFF format, with a minimum of 300 dpi. Also GIF and JPG formats can be used.

Special care on the maximum definition of the photographs is required.

Drawings and graphs

For line art, the following software can be used: Excel, Power Point, Adobe Illustrator 8 EPS, Freehand 8, Canvas 6, and Postcript Level 2.

Graphs must be send in editable formats (excel if possible) in order to make formal changes (colour, fonts, size, etc.).

VIDEOS

We accept digitized videos using Avi format. Also, a tape with the video in VHS can be sent. A video sample is available here.

NUCLEOTIDE AND AMINOACID SEQUENCES

New sequence data referred to in a manuscript should also be reported with their accession number assigned in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank sequence data libraries. A manuscript can be submitted while sequence data is being entered into the data libraries with the intent of including accession numbers once the manuscript is approved for publication.

Accession numbers are best presented in a separate paragraph at the end of the Materials and Methods section.

Addresses for the databases are: DDBJ; EMBL; GenBank.